![]() The following equation represents this process. Electrons collide with carbon dioxide molecules and pump them to excited states.ĭuring an electric discharge inside the machine, electrons and nitrogen molecules collide and the electrons are raised to their excited state. Pumping SourceĪn electrical discharge is used as a means of pumping and achieving population inversion. Carbon dioxide molecules are the active centers as they play the main role in producing the laser. The construction of a carbon dioxide laser is simple and the output of this laser is continuous.Ĭarbon dioxide, nitrogen, and helium constitute the active medium in the ratio 1:2:3 respectively. Transitions between vibrational states of Carbon dioxide molecules and rotational levels of carbon dioxide molecules produce a laser action. Individuals are maintained at P (for He) = 7 Torr, P (for N2) = 1.2 Torr and P (CO2) = 0.33 Torr. The discharge tube contains a mixture of CO2, N2 and He in the ratio 1:2:3 with water vapor. Others use diamond windows and lenses.Ī carbon dioxide laser consists of a quartz discharge tube with a diameter of 2,5cm and a length of about 5metres. For high power applications gold mirrors and zinc selenide windows and lenses are used. The mirrors are coated with silver and the windows and lenses are made of germanium or zinc selenide. Modified materials are needed in the construction of Carbon dioxide Lasers because they operate in the infrared region of the spectra. The construction of carbon dioxide lasers involves: Materials Used in Constructing Carbon Dioxide Lasers The Construction of Carbon Dioxide Lasers Carbon dioxide lasers can also be used as a scalpel in surgeries like gynecological and neurosurgery. It is used in dermatology for surgeries like scar removal, removal of wrinkles, and to repair solar skin damage. It operates at a wavelength of 10,6 micrometers. ![]() The electrical gas discharge can be operated using AC current, DC current or in the radio frequency domain. The laser is pumped electrically via an electrical gas discharge. To some extent, it also uses hydrogen (H2), water vapor, Oxygen and/or Xenon (Xe) to improve the laser's effectiveness for light application, by emission of radiation that is stimulated. This chapter will discuss what carbon dioxide lasers are, their construction, and how they function.Ī carbon dioxide laser is a device that utilizes carbon dioxide as the gain medium and Nitrogen (N2), Helium (He). Chapter 1: Principle of Carbon Dioxide Lasers ![]()
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